Stage 2 gonarthrosis

In stage 2 gonarthrosis, degenerative-dystrophic manifestations occur. The articular surfaces flatten, and the joint space narrows. The bone adjacent to the hyaline (articular) cartilage increases in density, and osteophytes form as bone tissue expands in the form of spikes. The joint capsule loses its elasticity, the synovial fluid thickens, and the hyaline cartilage breaks down. The joint function becomes significantly impaired.

Stage 2 gonarthrosis is an indication for arthro-medullary shunting. In this procedure, a shunt made of high-grade titanium is implanted into the joint. It connects two cavities—the bone marrow and the articular cavities. Through the shunt, acting as an oiler, bone marrow lipids enter the joint. They facilitate the gliding of the surfaces, improve the lubrication of the affected joint, enhance mobility, and prevent the attrition of the articular cartilages.

Even after minimal exertion, severe, prolonged pain develops on both the anterior and inner lateral aspects of the joint. Following extended rest, the pain subsides. A characteristic crepitus is audible upon knee movement, and an attempt at full flexion elicits sharp, intense pain. Friction increases, the joint undergoes deformity, and the range of motion is severely reduced. Synovitis occurs very frequently.