Knee joint problems most often arise due to improper functioning of the muscular structure. Normally, the muscles absorb the load. However, if dysfunction occurs, the load shifts to the joint. Weakened muscles cannot adequately engage in movement, causing the joint to suffer from instability. The body tries to resolve this issue and does so through degeneration.
Who is at risk?
- Professional athletes and highly active individuals
- People with an unhealthy and sedentary lifestyle
- The elderly and seniors
Both doctors and patients refer to the destruction of joint cartilage in different ways: arthrosis, osteoarthritis, or osteoarthritis. In all cases, it is a destructive, degenerative-dystrophic process. "Degeneration" means simplification, while "dystrophy" means a nutritional disorder. What does this mean?
In a healthy joint, hyaline cartilage ensures shock absorption and smooth bone gliding during movement. Under the influence of unfavorable factors, the cartilage tissue thins out: bone structures rub against each other and become rough. Degenerative changes are accompanied by destruction. As the articular cartilage layer thins, the joint heads shift, the mobility of the osteochondral joints is disrupted, and pain emerges.
Scar tissue forms in place of muscle tissue, while osteophytes develop on the cartilage and bone tissue. Osteophytes are pathological growths on the bone surface through which the body attempts to ensure joint stability. This is a compensatory mechanism. These tissues do not require as many resources as healthy ones, but they can no longer perform their former functions. These growths injure soft tissues, causing crunching and clicking sounds in the joint, limiting mobility, and triggering pain.
Degenerative-dystrophic changes occur as a result of injuries or metabolic disorders. The most common causes that can lead to joint destruction include:
- Undetected and untreated injuries
- Regular heavy lifting (professional sports)
- Strength and extreme sports
- Constant exposure to vibration or shaking
- Insufficient production of synovial fluid
- A sedentary lifestyle
- Inflammatory processes
- Endocrine diseases
- Bad habits